Annual Report 年報 2021/22
目錄 Table of Contents 延伸、現新：成就智慧用水未來 水務署積極倡導和激發創新及協作式的解決 方案，致力建設智慧用水未來。我們透過持 續創新，力求將潛力化為優化水務設施管理 和增強客戶體驗的新機遇；同時發展新技能 組合和夥伴關係，為提高用水可持續性和應 付氣候變化日趨加劇的影響的應變能力。 SUSTAINNOVATE FOR A SMART WATER FUTURE At the Water Supplies Department, we initiate and inspire innovative and collaborative solutions for building a smart water future. Through sustaining innovations, we seek to transform the potential into new opportunities for optimised waterworks management and enhanced customer experience as well as to develop new skill sets and partnerships for advancing water sustainability and resilience against the intensifying impacts of climate change. 04 05 11 言策 Initiate 署長的話 Director 's Statement 關於我們 Our Profile 16 83 84 91 102 弦動 Inpsire 我們的員工 Our People 我們的社區 Our Community 放眼世界 Our Global Network 現新 Innovate 全面水資源管理 Total Water Management 食水安全及供水可靠性 Water Safety and Reliability 可持續運作 Operational Sustainability 顧客服務 Customer Services 財務及水費 FINANCE AND WATER CHARGES 104 118 數據一覽 DATA SUMMARY 125 附錄 APPENDICES 17 40 68 79
在滿足客戶對優質供水服務的 需求，務求有卓越之表現。 To excel in satisfying customers' needs for the provision of quality water services. 抱負 使命 信念 Vision Mission Values • 以最符合成本效益的方式為客戶提供可靠 充足的優質食水及海水。 To provide a reliable and adequate supply of wholesome potable water and sea water to our customers in the most cost-effective way. • 提供以客戶為本的服務。 To adopt a customer-oriented approach in our services. • 維持及激勵一支能幹、高效率及完全投入 的工作隊伍，以服務社群。 To maintain and motivate an effective, efficient and committed workforce to serve the community. • 時刻關注對保護環境方面須負的責任。 To remain conscious of our responsibilities towards the environment. • 善用資源和科技，力求不斷改善服務。 To make the best use of resources and technology in our striving for continuous improvement in services. 以客為本 確保質量 重視環保 竭盡所能 精益求精 同心協力 Customer satisfaction Reliability Environmental awareness Dedication I mprovement Teamwork 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 3
高瞻遠矚 精心打造智慧用水城市 Building a Water-Wise City with Foresight and Dedication 從過去開拓海水沖廁和在海中興建大型水塘， 到現在利用先進的水處理技術實現水資源多元化、 逐步發展智慧水務和在水塘安裝大型浮動太陽能 發電場等，創新一直是我們工作的重心。 Innovation is always at the core of what we do, from pioneering the use of salt water for flushing and the construction of huge reservoirs in the sea in the past, to our current efforts in diversifying water resources using advanced water treatment technologies and progressively developing smart waterworks and mega-scale floating solar farms at impounding reservoirs.
AI 署長的話 DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT 在日益加劇的氣候風險、持續增長的用水需求和因 時而變的用戶需求等挑戰下，我們將繼續秉承創新 的精神，致力提升供水保障、實現更有效率及可持 續的資產管理，以及進一步完善客戶體驗。 Through sustaining our innovations, we strive to enhance water security, achieve more efficient and sustainable asset management, and further enhance customer experience amidst the challenges of increasing climate risks, growing water demands and evolving customer needs. 盧國華工程師太平紳士 水務署署長 Ir LO Kwok-wah, Kelvin,JP Director of Water Supplies
從過去開拓海水沖廁和在海中興建大型水塘，到現在利用先進的 水處理技術實現水資源多元化、逐步發展智慧水務和在水塘安裝 大型浮動太陽能發電場等，創新一直是我們工作的重心。在日益 加劇的氣候風險、持續增長的用水需求和因時而變的用戶需求等 挑戰下，我們將繼續秉承創新的精神，致力提升供水保障、實現 更有效率及可持續的資產管理，以及進一步完善客戶體驗。 Innovation is always at the core of what we do, from pioneering the use of salt water for flushing and the construction of huge reservoirs in the sea in the past, to our current efforts in diversifying water resources using advanced water treatment technologies and progressively developing smart waterworks and megascale floating solar farms at impounding reservoirs. Through sustaining our innovations, we strive to enhance water security, achieve more efficient and sustainable asset management, and further enhance customer experience amidst the challenges of increasing climate risks, growing water demands and evolving customer needs. 提升供水保障 氣候變化持續對供水保障帶來威脅。二零二一年，東江流域遭遇 60年來最嚴重旱情。同期，香港錄得自二零一一年以來最低的全 年淨集水量，而全年食水用量則創下歷史新高，達10.55 億立方 米。為滿足上升的需求，東江水輸入量達8.11 億立方米，已接近 現行《東江供水協議》規定的年供水量上限8.2 億立方米。儘管 我們正竭力推行一系列需求管理措施，目標在二零四零年前將全 年食水需求控制在10億立方米以內，我們必需利用多元化的水資 源，包括淡化海水作飲用用途和循環再用水（即再造水、重用中 水和回收雨水）作非飲用用途，提升供水的應變能力，以應對氣 候變化預期所帶來的極端影響。 我們正興建將軍澳海水化淡廠第一階段，採用最新的逆滲透技術 生產淡化海水——一種不受氣候變化影響的策略性水資源。該廠 計劃於二零二三年投產，年產量可達5 000萬立方米，並已預留 空間在未來倍增其產能。為求在整個項目生命週期減少碳足跡、 提升工地安全及工作效率，該廠的設計、建造和保養融入了多項 可持續發展設計和智慧工地措施。 使用循環再用水作非飲用用途不但可節省食水資源，亦可減少經 處理的排放水被排放至受納水體，從而減低對環境的影響。為 此，我們已展開基建工程，將石湖墟淨水設施處理後的排放水用 作生產再造水，計劃由二零二四年起向新界東北地區每年供應達 2 200 萬立方米的再造水；以及在安達臣道石礦場用地發展項目 中興建一套中央中水重用系統，二零二四年啓用後可每日供應達 ENHANCING WATER SECURITY Climate change continues to bring threats to water security. In 2021, the Dongjiang river basin experienced the worst drought in 60 years. In the same period, Hong Kong has recorded the lowest local annual net yield since 2011 while the annual fresh water consumption hit record high at 1 055 million m3. To meet the increased demand, 811 million m3 of Dongjiang water was imported, approaching the annual supply ceiling of 820 million m3 as specified in the current Dongjiang Water Supply Agreement. While we are pressing ahead an array of demand management measures with an aim to contain the annual fresh water demand within 1 000 million m3 by 2040, it is crucial to build resilience in our water supply with diversified water resources, including desalinated water for potable use and recycled water (viz reclaimed water, treated grey water and harvested rainwater) for non-potable uses, to cater for the anticipated extreme impacts of climate change. Leveraging the latest reverse osmosis technology, we are building the first stage of the Tseung Kwan O Desalination Plant to produce desalinated seawater, a strategic water resource not susceptible to climate change impacts. Scheduled to be commissioned in 2023, the Desalination Plant will have an annual production capacity of 50 million cubic metres with the provision to double its capacity in the future. Numerous sustainable features as well as smart construction measures are integrated into the design, construction and maintenance of the plant for minimising carbon footprint and enhancing site safety and work efficiency throughout the whole project lifecycle. Adopting recycled water for non-potable uses can not only preserve fresh water resources, but also reduce discharge of treated effluents into the receiving water, hence minimising impacts to the environment. We have embarked on the infrastructure works for further processing the treated sewage effluents from the Shek Wu Hui Effluent Polishing Plant to supply up to 22 million m3/year of reclaimed water to the northeast New Territories from 2024 onwards. We are also constructing a centralised grey water recycling system 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 6 署長的話 Director’ s Statement
3 300立方米的重用中水。該項目憑藉創意，以原地重用中水的 方式節省了由遠處輸送沖廁水至該位處地勢較高的發展項目所需 的耗電，獲頒二零二一年英國土木工程師學會 Chris Binnie 可持 續水務管理大獎。我們計劃進一步擴大循環再用水的應用範圍至 所有新發展區和合適的大規模重建區，以期提升海水和循環再用 水的供應網絡覆蓋率，由目前佔香港總人口的85%至長遠目標 90%。 at the Anderson Road Quarry Site Development capable of supplying 3 300 m3 of treated grey water daily to the Development by 2024. This grey water reuse project was awarded the Institution of Civil Engineers Award 2021 – Chris Binnie Award for Sustainable Water Management for its creativity in reusing treated grey water on-site to save the energy required for pumping flushing water from afar to the Development at high altitude. We plan to further extend the use of recycled water in all New Development Areas and suitable large scale redevelopment areas with a view to increasing the coverage of the salt water and recycled water supply networks from the current 85% of the total population to 90% in the long run. 實現更有效率和可持續的資產管理 藉著創意和科技發展，我們力求以更有效率和可持續的方式管理 水務資產，並充分考慮公眾安全、社會需求和減碳目標。 為提升運作效率，我們正積極為濾水廠及供水管網建立「數碼分 身」。「數碼分身」是真實系統的虛擬代表，能透過人工智能技術 持續監測和分析運作數據，從而模擬和預測系統的運作，以協助 我們發現潛在問題、優化系統運作、減少用水流失和耗能。作為 水務設施運作自動化轉型的第一步，我們展開了先導計劃，試行 在夜更遙距操作深井濾水廠。此外，我們正籌備於二零二五年成 立先進的中央運作管理中心聯網，以加強實時遙距監測、協調和 事故管理。 我們亦致力優化資產的運用，以市民的福祉為依歸。我們為 12 間主要濾水廠安裝現場氯氣生產設施，設施可按需要在現場 生產氯氣作食水消毒之用。此安排可消除在運輸和貯存液體氯過 程中洩漏氯氣的風險，亦可確保氯氣供應維持穩定。如此廣泛應 用該技術於食水消毒為全球首例。因應社會對土地的需求，我們 正籌劃將濾水廠和配水庫遷往岩洞，以騰出珍貴的土地資源作建 屋和其他有利民生的用途。鑽石山配水庫遷往岩洞的建造工程將 於二零二二年尾展開，而其他岩洞發展項目的可行性研究/ 勘查 研究亦正進行中，涉及面積共約30公頃。 STRIVING FOR MORE EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE ASSET MANAGEMENT Pivoting innovation as well as technological advancement, we seek to manage our waterworks assets more efficiently and in a sustainable manner with due consideration to public safety, society 's needs and decarbonisation target. We are actively developing digital twins of water treatment works and water supply networks to enhance our operation efficiency. Digital twin is a virtual representation of the real system which can simulate and predict the system operations through continuous monitoring and analysis of operational data with artificial intelligence. This will greatly facilitate us to anticipate potential problems, optimise system operations, reduce water losses and energy consumption. As our first step to transform the operation of waterworks installations towards automation, we have embarked on a trial project to enable remote operation on the night shift at the Sham Tseng Water Treatment Works (WTW). We are also planning the establishment of a cluster of advanced centralised operation management centres by 2025 to enhance real-time remote monitoring, coordination and incident management. We also strive to optimise the utilisation of our assets for the benefits of the public. We are installing on-site chlorine generation facilities at 12 major WTWs to produce chlorine on demand for drinking water disinfection. This arrangement eliminates the risks of chlorine leakage during the transportation and storage of liquid chlorine, and ensures a reliable supply of chlorine gas. Such extensive application of the technology in drinking water disinfection is the first of its kind in the world. In response to the society’s needs for land, we are making plans of relocating WTWs and service reservoirs to caverns to release precious land resources for housing and other beneficial uses. The construction works for the relocation of the Diamond Hill Service Reservoirs to cavern will commence by end 2022. The feasibility studies / investigation of other cavern development projects are underway which will involve areas totalling some 30 hectares. 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 7 署長的話 Director’ s Statement
發展可再生能源有助政府實現二零五零年碳中和的目標。我們把 握面積達24 平方公里的水塘塘面的機遇，積極發展大型浮動太 陽能板發電系統，有效地收集太陽能。隨著位於石壁水塘、船灣 淡水湖和大欖涌水塘的先導系統成功安裝後，我們正計劃在這三 個水塘建造更大的浮動太陽能板發電場，預計每年合共可生產 達50千兆瓦時的可再生能源。與此同時，我們亦正探討在船灣 淡水湖興建大型浮動太陽能板發電場的可行性。我們計劃逐步提 升可再生能源產能，目標是在二零三五年開始年產量達160千兆 瓦時。宏觀來看，就算只能運用10%的塘面面積，我們已可以 將年產量進一步提升至約290 千兆瓦時，足以抵消二零二一至 二二年度部門總耗電量的約37%。 The development of renewable energy contributes towards the Government’s target of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. We grasp the opportunity brought by the 24 square kilometres of reservoir water surface to proactively develop mega-scale floating photovoltaic systems at impounding reservoirs for harnessing solar energy efficiently. With the successful pilots installed at the Shek Pik, Plover Cove and Tai Lam Chung reservoirs, we are planning larger floating solar farms at these three reservoirs to generate about 50 gigawatt-hours per year (GWh/year) of renewable energy in total. In parallel, we are also exploring the feasibility of a mega-scale floating solar farm at the Plover Cove Reservoir. Our plan is to increase progressively the renewable energy generation capacity up to about 160 GWh/year by 2035 onwards. From a macroscopic perspective, even if only 10% of the water surface area is leveraged, we can further increase the generation capacity up to about 290 GWh/year which can offset about 37% of the Department’s total energy consumption in 2021/22. 大欖涌水塘的浮動太陽能板發電系統 Floating PV System at Tai Lam Chung Reservoir 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 8 署長的話 Director’ s Statement
完善客戶體驗 為不同客戶提供方便、靈活和高效的服務是我們推動創新的主要 動力。我們利用創新科技完善多項服務，包括擴展電子平台處理 公眾服務申請和業界的供水申請；將「暫停供水自動通知系統」 的通知服務範圍由受影響大型屋苑的管理處延伸至相關用戶，以 水務署流動應用程式通知受影響用戶緊急暫停食水供應；開發語 音分析系統以提升客戶熱線服務；以及引入人工智能聊天機器人 至水務署網頁。 為向公眾推廣用水效益和智慧生活，我們自二零一八年起於新建 公營及私人發展項目中引入了有線自動讀錶系統。新發展項目的 客戶能透過自動讀錶系統流動應用程序輕鬆地遙距監察用水量。 為了擴展自動讀錶系統的應用至現有場所，我們於二零二二年初 成功完成在大澳的試驗，共安裝了500 個無線智能水錶，現正 就現有建築物供應及安裝無線智能水錶進行可行性研究。 ENHANCING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE Providing convenient, flexible and efficient services to our diverse customers are our key motivation to drive innovation. We are advancing a number of service enhancements via emerging technologies. These include enhancing our electronic platform to facilitate the processing of services requests from the public as well as water supply applications from the trade; extending the coverage of the notification service of the Water Supply Suspension Notification System from the management offices of the affected large housing estates to individual consumers via WSD Mobile App in the event of emergency suspension of fresh water supply; developing speech analytic system for enhancing the services of our enquiry hotline; and introducing artificial intelligence chatbot to our website. To promote water efficiency and smart living in the community, we have introduced wired Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system in new public and private developments since 2018. Customers at these new developments can easily and remotely monitor their water consumption using the AMR mobile app. With a view to extending the use of AMR to existing premises, we have successfully completed the trial involving the installation of 500 wireless smart water meters at Tai O in early 2022. We are currently conducting feasibility studies on the supply and installation of wireless smart meters in existing buildings. 自動讀錶系統流動應用程式 AMR Mobile App 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 9 署長的話 Director’ s Statement
持續創新及凝聚力量 在努力推動水資源管理、資產管理和服務提升的同時，我們渴望 與各界同心協力應對各項供水挑戰，共同開發創新的解決方案， 將香港打造成智慧用水城市。 由員工自主研發的無人船系統在水塘自動監測水質、新建立的地 下水管測漏中心「Q-Leak」成為業界及專上院校在水管測漏技 術的教研合作平台，以至廣受幼稚園和小學師生歡迎的「惜水學 堂」綜合教育計劃和工商界支持的「商約」惜水運動，這些富創 意及影響力的項目獲得成功，實有賴各方的共同努力和貢獻，為 智慧用水未來打下穩固的基礎。 疫情下，我們的運作、員工以及整個社會都經歷了最艱辛的考 驗。我衷心感謝同事們緊守崗位，發揮專業精神，在疫情期間維 持優質可靠的供水服務。我相信，只要我們持續創新和凝聚社會 力量，我們定能克服未來的各種挑戰，並將其轉化為動力，共同 構建香港成為智慧城市。 SUSTAINING INNOVATIONS AND COLLABORATION While we are striving to spur innovations in water resources management, asset management and service enhancement, we also aspire integrated collaboration by all parties to address water challenges and develop innovative solutions together for building Hong Kong into a water-wise city. From the staff-initiated unmanned surface vessel system for automatic water quality monitoring in impounding reservoirs and the establishment of “Q-Leak, a new underground water mains leak detection training centre which is served as a teaching and research cooperation platform for the trade and postsecondary education institutions in the field of water mains leak detection, to the “Cherish Water Campus” Integration Education Programme which is well received by both kindergarten and primary students and teachers, and the Enterprises Cherish Water Campaign (ECH2O) which garners the good support of the commercial and industrial sectors, we have achieved the success in these innovative and impactful projects by bringing the collaborative efforts and contributions from all parties, which have built a solid foundation for a smart water future. The epidemic has put our operations, people and community to the most difficult test. I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to all our colleagues for their dedication and professionalism in delivering quality and reliable water supply services even during the epidemic. I trust that, as long as we sustain our innovations and collaboration with the community, we will overcome the challenges ahead and transform them into a driving force for building Hong Kong into a smart city. Ir LO Kwok-wah, Kelvin, JP Director of Water Supplies 盧國華工程師太平紳士 水務署署長 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 10 署長的話 Director’ s Statement
部門總覽 Corporate Profile 穩定而優質的供水，對本港居民的生活不可或缺，同時亦是支 持本港可持續發展的關鍵要素。香港特別行政區政府水務署的 職責是維持供水可靠優質。 本港17 個水塘集水區收集的本地雨水約佔香港總食水用量 20%至30%，餘下部分的原水由廣東省的東江輸入，兩者均 經過嚴格處理及監測，確保食水水質符合香港食水標準。此外， 自一九五零年代以來，我們充分利用香港近海的地理優勢， 將海水用作沖廁用途。食水及海水由兩個完全獨立的供水系統 供應，透過龐大的配水庫和水管網絡，配送至各家各戶及商用 物業。 為確保香港供水穩健及具應變能力，我們繼續妥善管理水務 資產以維持其健康狀況，以及透過海水化淡及循環再用水等技 術開拓新水源，進一步提升香港的供水保障及應對氣候變化的 能力。 作為香港最大的能源用戶之一，我們已實施相關措施，透過應 用創新科技、開發可再生能源及提升能源效益，致力減少碳足 跡。我們亦是香港特區政府首個獲得ISO 50001:2011 能源管理 系統認證的部門。 我們的抱負是滿足客戶對優質供水服務的需求。為此，我們的 人員致力與持份者合作及提供以客為本的服務，確保客戶獲得 最具效率及優質的服務。 Reliable and quality water supplies are indispensable to the lives and livelihoods of the people in Hong Kong, and are critical for supporting the territory's sustainable development. The Water Supplies Department (WSD) of the Hong Kong SAR Government is charged with the responsibility of maintaining reliable and quality water supplies. Approximately 20% to 30% of Hong Kong's fresh water supply comes from the local yield collected in catchment areas of the territory's 17 impounding reservoirs while the remaining raw water comes from Dongjiang in the Guangdong Province. Both the local yield and imported Dongjiang water are subject to stringent treatment and monitoring to ensure that the quality of treated water meets the Hong Kong Drinking Water Standards. Moreover, since the 1950s, we have taken full advantage of Hong Kong's geographic proximity to the ocean to adopt salt water for flushing purposes. Fresh water and salt water are supplied through two entirely separate supply systems. Our extensive array of service reservoirs and water mains provide these supplies for distribution to homes and commercial developments. To ensure the sustainability and resilience of Hong Kong's water supplies, we continue to manage our asset to sustain their health and develop new sources of water including desalination and recycled water. These additional sources of water will give Hong Kong enhanced water security and the ability to adapt to climate change. As one of the city's largest energy consumers, we have implemented measures to reduce our carbon footprint as much as possible by adopting innovation and technology, developing renewable energy and enhancing energy efficiency. We are the first Hong Kong SAR Government department to obtain the ISO 50001:2011 Energy Management System certification. Our vision is to excel in meeting our customers' needs for quality water services. With this in mind, our committed workforce has collaborated with stakeholders and adopted a customer-oriented approach to ensure that our customers receive the most efficient and high-quality services. 關於我們 Our Profile 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 11
水務署署長 Director of Water Supplies 特別職務組 Special Duty Unit 立法檢討組 Legislative Review Unit 發展(1) 部 Development (1) Division 設計部 Design Division 香港及離島區 Hong Kong and Islands Region 新界東區 New Territories East Region 工程計劃部 Projects Division 財務部 Finance Section 建設部 Construction Division 九龍區 Kowloon Region 新界西區 New Territories West Region 保養部 Maintenance Division 客戶帳務組 Customer Accounts Section 顧問工程管理部 Consultants Management Division 運作組 Operations Section 技術支援部 Technical Support Division 機械及電機行政組 Mechanical and Electrical Administration Unit 抄錶組 Meter Reading Section 技術拓展組 Technical Development Unit 物料供應組 Supplies Section 安全組 Safety Unit 資訊科技工程 計劃管理及覆檢組 Information Technology Project Management and Review Unit 資訊科技管理組 Information Technology Management Unit 工程管理部 Project Management Division 水塘安全組 Reservoir Safety Section 合約顧問組 Contract Advisory Unit 斜坡安全組 Slope Safety Sections 工料測量組 Quantity Surveying Section 公共關係組 Public Relations Unit 發展(2) 部 Development (2) Division 組織/系統檢討組 Organisation/ System Review Unit 水質科學部 Water Science Division 水質 ( 標準及監測) 組 Water Quality (Standards and Monitoring) Unit 水安全計劃及 品質管理系統組 Water Safety Plan and Quality System Unit 內部稽核組 Internal Audit Section 部門行政部 Departmental Administration Division 一般行政組 General Administration Section 發展科 Development Branch 設計及建設科 New Works Branch 供應及 分配（市區）科 Supply and Distribution (Urban) Branch 供應及 分配（新界）科 Supply and Distribution (New Territories) Branch 機械及電機科 Mechanical and Electrical Branch 財務科 Finance Branch 水務署副署長 Deputy Director of Water Supplies 關於我們 Our Profile 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 12
即使面對瞬息萬變的需求和因氣候變化而 加劇的影響，水務署多年來一直堅守使 命，為香港提供優質的供水服務。從過去 到現在，我們的管理層一直努力不懈，推 陳出新，促進技術發展，提升水資源運 用、設計和應用效益，致力將香港建設成 為智慧水務城市。 Over the years, amidst the changing needs and accelerating impacts of climate change, the WSD has steadfastly upheld its mission to provide quality water supply services in Hong Kong. From the past to the present, our management has made unremittingly efforts in sustaining innovations and inspiring technological prowess for the enhancement of water usage, designs and applications in building Hong Kong into a water-smart city. 彭愛玲工程師 Ir PANG Oi-ling, Irene 助理署長/ 設計及建設 Assistant Director/New Works 曹炳豪工程師1 Ir CHO Ping Ho1 助理署長/ 機械及電機 Assistant Director / Mechanical & Electrical 林聖傑先生 Mr LAM Saint-kit, Byron 助理署長/ 特別職務 Assistant Director/Special Duty 馬漢榮工程師 Ir MA Hon-wing, Wilson 署理助理署長/ 發展 Acting AssistantDirector/ Development 關於我們 Our Profile 1 曹工程師自二零二一年十一月二十七日起出任助理署長/機械及電機。 2 尤工程師自二零二二年三月三日起出任署理助理署長/新界。 1 Ir CHO was appointed Assistant Director /Mechanical & Electrical on 27 November 2021. 2 Ir YAU was appointed Acting Assistant Director/New Territories on 3 March 2022.
n / 盧國華工程師, 太平紳士 Ir LO Kwok-wah, Kelvin, JP 水務署署長 Director of Water Supplies 周世威工程師, 太平紳士 Ir CHAU Sai-wai, JP 水務署副署長 Deputy Director of Water Supplies 勞淑儀女士 Ms LO Shuk-yi 部門秘書 Departmental Secretary 黃俊光先生 Mr WONG Chun-kwong 助理署長/ 財務 Assistant Director/Finance 鍾永基工程師 Ir CHUNG Wing-kee, Philip 助理署長/ 市區 Assistant Director/Urban 尤孝賢工程師2 Ir YAU Hau Yin2 助理署長/ 新界 Assistant Director/ New Territories 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 13
主要統計數字 （截至二零二二年三月三十一日） Principal Statistics (as of 31 March 2022) 食水水管長度 （直徑20毫米至 2 400毫米） Fresh Water Mains (20 mm to 2 400 mm diameter) 6 709 公里 km 海水水管長度 （直徑20毫米至1 200毫米） Salt Water Mains (20 mm to 1200 mm diameter) 1 678 公里 km 17 個水塘 No. of Impounding Reservoirs 586 百萬立方米 million m3 總容量 Total Storage Capacity 151 個食水抽水站 （包括食水和原水抽水站及泵 房） No. of Fresh Water Pumping Stations (includes fresh & raw water pumping stations and pump houses) 32.5 百萬立方米/ 日 million m3/day 總抽水量 Total Pumping Capacity 7 個食水及海水抽水站 No. of Combined Fresh Water & Salt Water Pumping Stations 0.3 百萬立方米/ 日 million m3/day 總抽水量 Total Pumping Capacity 179 個食水配水庫 No. of Fresh Water Service Reservoirs 4.4 百萬立方米 million m3 總容量 Total Storage Capacity 54 個海水配水庫 No. of Salt Water Service Reservoirs 0.3 百萬立方米 million m3 總容量 Total Storage Capacity 20 個濾水廠 No. of Water Treatment Works 4.6 百萬立方米/ 日 million m3/day 總濾水量 Total Water Treatment Capacity 35 個海水抽水站 （包括泵房） No. of Salt Water Pumping Stations (includes pump houses) 2.1 百萬立方米/ 日 million m3/day 總抽水量 Total Pumping Capacity 120 公里 km 引水道長度 Length of Catchwater 199 公里 km 輸水隧道長度 Length of Water Tunnel 關於我們 Our Profile 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 14
主要工作表現指標 Key Performance Indicators 財政年度 Financial Year 指標 Indicators 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 食水水質 100%符合香港食水標準* Fresh Water Quality 100% compliance with the Hong Kong Drinking Water Standards* 達到指標 Target achieved 達到指標 Target achieved 達到指標 Target achieved 海水水質 97%符合水務署所定的水質指標** Salt Water Quality 97% compliance with WSD Water Quality Objectives** 達到指標 Target achieved 達到指標 Target achieved 達到指標 Target achieved 食水供水水壓（15至30米）^ Fresh Water Supply Pressure (15 – 30 metres) ^ 100% 100% 100% 海水供水水壓（15米）^ Salt Water Supply Pressure (15 metres) ^ 100% 100% 100% 因預先計劃進行的工程而暫停供水的時間長度 (98%於八小時內) Water Supply Suspension Duration for Planned Work (98% within 8 hours) 達到指標 Target achieved 達到指標 Target achieved 達到指標 Target achieved 準確水錶的比率98%的偏差程度不超過±3%*** Proportion of accurate water meters 98% with inaccuracy not exceeding ±3%*** 98.2% 97.3% 98.4% * 水務署自二零一七年九月起開始採用香港食水標準 為指標，而在此之前，則一直採用世界衞生組織制 訂的《飲用水水質準則》為指標。 The Hong Kong Drinking Water Standards have been adopted by the WSD in the target since September 2017. Before that, the World Health Organization's Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality were adopted in the target. ** 此指標於二零一九至二零年度經修訂為「海水水質 ─97%符合水務署所定的水質指標」，二零一八至 一九年度則為「海水水質─96%符合水務署所定的 水質指標」，而二零一七至一八年度所採用的指標為 「海水水質（供水接駁位置）─ 96%符合水務署所 定的水質指標」。 The target for 2019/20 has been revised as "Salt water quality – 97% compliance with WSD Water Quality Objectives". The target for 2018/19 was "Salt water quality – 96% compliance with WSD Water Quality Objectives". The target in 2017/18 was "Salt water quality (at connection points) – 96% compliance with WSD Water Quality Objectives". *** 此指標將於二零二二至二三年度修訂為「準確水錶 的比率─98%的偏差程度不超過±3%」，二零二一 至二二年度則為「水錶的準確程度─100%的偏差 程度不超過±3%」。 The target for 2022/23 is to be revised as "Proportion of accurate water meters–98% with inaccuracy not exceeding ±3%". The target for 2021/22 was "Accuracy of water meters–100% with inaccuracy not exceeding ±3%". ^ 配水系統內（不包括系統盡頭）最低的剩餘水壓。 Minimum residual pressure in the distribution systems except at their extremities. 關於我們 Our Profile 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 15
將智慧解決方案全面融入我們的 策略規劃和資產管理 Integrating smart solutions holistically into our strategy planning and asset management 我們在服務的各方面都力求創新融合， 以加強水資源和水質管理、 提升資產管理的成效和促進可持續發展， 以及為客戶提供更貼心的增值服務。 We strive to be innovative in all facets of our services for enhanced water resources and water quality management, more efficient and sustainable asset management, and thoughtful and value-added customer services.
水資源於本港的未來擔當著關鍵促成的角色，它不僅滋養生命 萬物，更為家庭和社會經濟提供動力。然而，隨著人口增長、 社會與經濟急速發展、氣候變化，管理和增加水資源和基礎設 施的挑戰性亦與日俱增。為確保本港長遠享有穩健及具應變力 的供水，水務署制定全面的水資源管理策略，務求以智慧和策 略性的方式來管理我們的水資源。 全面水資源管理 Total Water Management Water plays a key enabling role in our city of the future. It powers homes, economies and nourishes all life. Yet with the growing population, rapid social and economic development and climate change, managing and expanding water sources and infrastructure have become increasingly challenging. To ensure sustainability and resilience of Hong Kong’s water supplies in the long run, the WSD has formulated a holistic water management strategy for smart and strategic management of our water resources. 全面水資源管理策略 自二零零八年推行以來，「全面水資源管理策略」（「策略」） 已成為促進香港民生和經濟發展的可持續用水藍圖。水務署與 國際專家和顧問公司於二零一九年進行「策略」檢討，修訂後 的「策略」（「策略2019」）採用雙管齊下的方式，著重控制 食水需求增長，以及利用多元化的水資源提升食水供應的應變 能力，以應對氣候變化的極端影響。 TOTAL WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY Implemented since 2008, the Total Water Management Strategy has served as the road map for the sustainable use of water supporting the social and economic development in Hong Kong. Following the review of the Strategy in 2019 conducted with international experts and consultants, the WSD has updated it to adopt a two-pronged approach which focuses on containing water demands and building resilience in the fresh water supply with diversified water resources with a view to addressing the extreme effects of climate change. 現新 Innovate 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 17
「策略2019」亦更新了至二零二四年用水需求和供應的推算方 法及預測。根據政府統計處的預期人口增長情景，並考慮氣候 變化導致每年雨量減少，在實施用水需求管理措施的前提下， 每年食水需求量將減至9.9 億立方米，目前的食水供應將能應 付二零四零年的預測用水需求。 The 2019 Strategy Review also updated the forecast of water demand and supply methodologies and projections up to 2040. Under the expected population growth scenario provided by the Census and Statistics Department and taken into consideration the annual rainfall reduction due to climate change, the current fresh water supply arrangements will be able to meet the forecast demand up to 2040, provided that the demand management measures are implemented to reduce the annual fresh water demand to 990 million m3. 至二零四零年之全年食水需求推算 Annual Fresh Water Demand Projection by 2040 1 110 百萬立方米 million m3 990 百萬立方米 million m3 沒有用水需求管理措施的情況下： Without demand management measures: 實施用水需求管理措施的情況下： With demand management measures: 持續監測和檢討 我們修訂「全面水資源管理策略」時，不僅以應變能力、經濟 因素及可持續性等多項準則作為基礎來評估用水需求和供水 管理方案，同時亦參考水務諮詢委員會和其他持份者的意見。 為確保我們能夠應對比預期更嚴峻的情況，我們制定了一系列 後備方案。其中包括興建更多海水化淡設施、擴大水塘容量和 集水區、重啟已停用的濾水廠，以及增加東江水供應。若未來 情況與目前的估算有偏差，我們可以按需要執行合適的後備 方案。 Continuous Monitoring and Review The Total Water Management Strategy was updated taking into account the evaluation of water demand and water supply management options based on the multiple criteria of resilience, economics and sustainability, as well as the views from the Advisory Committee on Water Supplies and other stakeholders. To ensure our ability to adapt to the worse-than-expected scenarios, a host of backup measures have been formulated. These include building up more desalination capacities, expanding our reservoir capacity and catchment, reactivating mothballed water treatment works and increasing Dongjiang water supply. If the future conditions deviate from our present projections, we can implement appropriate backup measures as necessary. 現新 Innovate 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 18
We will conduct regular review of the “Strategy 2019” and update it as needed to make appropriate and timely responses to changes arising from water demand, the effect of climate change on the local yield, as well as the cost-effectiveness, technological development, reliability and environmental impact of various water resources. 我們亦會定期檢討並修訂「策略2019」，以適時應對用水需求 變化、氣候變化對本地集水的影響，及各種水資源的成本效益、 相關科技發展、可靠性及對環境的影響等。 水資源 多年來，香港一直享有穩定的供水。香港水資源的三大來源為 本地集水區的雨水、由廣東輸入的東江水及沖廁用海水。 WATER RESOURCES Over the years, Hong Kong has enjoyed a reliable water supply. Hong Kong’s water resources comprise three sources: Rainwater from local catchments, imported water from Dongjiang in the Guangdong Province, and salt water for toilet flushing. 1 377 百萬立方米 million m3 總計 Total 二零二一年全港總用水量 Total Water Consumption of Hong Kong in 2021 本地集水 Local yield 東江水 Dongjiang water 沖廁用海水 Salt water for flushing 18% 23% 59% 二零二一年按用水類別劃分的食水用量 Annual Fresh Water Consumption by Sector 2021 用水類別 Sector 食水用量 Fresh Water Consumption 百萬立方米及佔總用量百分比 million m3 and percent of total 住宅用水Domestic 623 (59.0%) 工業用水Industrial 57 (5.4%) 服務業及商業用水Service Trades 246 (23.3%) 政府用水Government Establishments 47 (4.5%) 建築及船舶用水Construction & Shipping 21 (2.0%) 臨時淡水沖廁Flushing 61 (5.8%) 食水總用量Total Fresh Water Consumption 1 055 (100%) 現新 Innovate 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 19
本地集水 儘管香港地勢起伏，但雨水收集和儲存系統完備且覆蓋廣泛。 本地集水從集水區收集而來，大部分集水區均位於受嚴格規管 保護，免受污染的郊野公園內。我們採用多重屏障的原則，在 各集水區監控發展、定期巡查及監測水質的情況，以確保水質 安全。在集水量方面，每年的本地集水量並不穩定，加上氣候 變化的影響，我們預計未來本地集水量的變動將會更大。 Local Yield Despite the undulating terrain, Hong Kong has developed an extensive rainwater collection and storage system. The local yield is collected in catchment areas, most of which fall within country parks that are well regulated and protected from contamination. We adopt a multiple barrier approach to control development, regularly conduct inspections and monitor water quality in these areas to ensure water safety. In terms of quantity, the local yield is not stable every year, and can be subject to drastic fluctuations. Coupled with the effect of climate change, we foresee even greater fluctuations in the future. 二零一七年至二零二一年全年降雨量 Annual Rainfall 2017 – 2021 毫米 millimetres 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 2 395 2 307 2 396 2 572 2 163 年份 Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 年份 Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 二零一七年至二零二一年全年淨集水量 Annual Net Yield 2017 – 2021 百萬立方米 million m3 272 215 202 288 304 400 300 200 100 0 註：長期平均降雨量為2 431 毫米 Note : Long-term mean rainfall is 2 431 mm 現新 Innovate 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 20
東江水 為填補香港本地集水量和用水需求的缺口，我們在粵港供水協 議訂明的每年供水量上限，按需要以統包方式輸入東江水，確 保香港供水穩定而靈活，滿足香港的實際需要。 為回應市民對東江供水按量收費的訴求，於二零二零年十二月 簽訂的現行東江水協議已採用「統包扣減」收費方式，取代以 往協議採用的「統包總額」方式計算，此新收費方式可至少維 持至二零二九年。按二零二一年價格水平，估計在現行協議的 機制下，這九年期間最高節省金額可達3.24 億港元。 現行協議內的每年基本水價調整增幅為每年1.33%，普遍地反 映粵港兩地相關消費物價指數和人民幣兌港元匯率的變動。 鑑於二零一九冠狀病毒病疫情對香港經濟環境帶來的挑戰，粵 方同意將二零二一年的實際水價凍結在二零二零年水平（即 48.21 億港元），以紓緩香港的財政負擔。二零二一年，香港在 東江水方面的支出為48.21 億港元，而二零一九年和二零二零 年的支出分別為48.07 億港元和48.21 億港元。 Dongjiang Water To fill the gap between Hong Kong's local yield and water demand, Dongjiang water is imported as needed with a package deal approach, up to the annual supply ceiling stipulated in the supply agreement between Guangdong and Hong Kong to ensure a stable but flexible supply for meeting the city’s actual needs. In response to the public request for payment based on the quantity of Dongjiang water supplied, the current agreement 2021-2023 was signed in December 2020 using a "package deal deductible sum" approach which will be maintained at least up to 2029 and replaces the previous "package deal lump sum" approach. Based on the 2021 price level, it is estimated that the mechanism of the current agreement will bring a maximum saving of HK$324 million under this nine-year period. The annual ceiling water prices in the current agreement will be increased by 1.33% each year, which generally reflects the changes of the relevant consumer price indices of Guangdong and Hong Kong and the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the Hong Kong dollar. In view of the prevailing challenging economic environment arising from the COVID-19 epidemic, Guangdong authorities have agreed that the actual water price for 2021 was frozen at the 2020 level (i.e. HK$4,821 million) to ease the financial burden of Hong Kong. In 2021, Hong Kong's expenditure on Dongjiang water was HK$4,821 million, compared to HK$4,807 million and HK$4,821 million paid in 2019 and 2020 respectively. 沖廁用海水 自一九五零年代，香港引入海水沖廁，至今仍是全球少數廣泛 應用這種可持續資源沖廁的地方之一，在我們的水資源管理中 發揮著舉足輕重的作用。目前，我們的海水供應網絡覆蓋全港 約85%的人口，每年供應約3.2 億立方米海水，節省了同等分 量的食水，約佔香港總用水量的23%。 使用海水沖廁有助節省珍貴淡水資源，加上供應海水的耗電量 較供應食水的為低，因而可降低生產成本，亦能減少二氧化碳 排放量。 Salt Water for Flushing Since 1950s, salt water has been introduced in Hong Kong for toilet flushing. Hong Kong is one of the few places in the world extensively applying this sustainable resource which forms an important role in our water management. Currently, our salt water supply network covers about 85% of the Hong Kong population. Every year, about 320 million m3 of seawater is supplied for flushing, conserving an equivalent amount of fresh water which is about 23% of the total water consumption in Hong Kong. Using salt water for flushing not only conserves precious fresh water resources, but also reduces production costs and carbon dioxide emissions arising from lower electricity consumption for supplying salt water than fresh water. 現新 Innovate 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 21
你需要做甚麼才能轉用海水沖廁 What you need to do for converting salt water for flushing 點滴話你知 Did you know? 查看水務監督發出有關轉用海水沖廁的通知 Check the letter issued by the Water Authority about conversion to seawater for flushing 聘請持牌水喉匠檢查內部沖廁系統，以確認系統是否準備就緒 Employ licensed plumbers to inspect the inside service of flushing systems to confirm readiness 如需改善供水系統，須向水務監督申請 Apply to the Water Authority if modification works are required 在持牌水喉匠檢查及改善系統後，便可申請接駁鹹水喉管 Make application for connecting to seawater mains following the inspection and completion of modification works by licensed plumbers 繳納水務監督規定的接駁費用 Pay the pipe connection fee required by the Water Authority 二零一七年至二零二一年全年食水供應 Annual Quantity of Fresh Water Supply 2017 - 2021 東江水 Dongjiang Water 本地集水 Yield from Hong Kong’s Catchments 百萬立方米 million m3 996 1 027 1 055 278 718 1 013 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 980 329 651 年份 Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 277 736 225 244 802 811 二零一七年至二零二一年全年日均用量（食水及海水） Total Average Daily Water Consumption (Fresh Water and Salt Water) 2017-2021 3.57 3.68 3.77 0.84 2.73 0.87 0.88 2.81 2.89 3.54 0.76 2.78 3.45 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.76 2.69 食水 Fresh Water 海水 Salt Water 百萬立方米 million m3 年份 Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 2 3 4 5 現新 Innovate 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 22
水資源未來的展望 氣候變化、人口和經濟持續增長令食水需求增加，以及大灣區 內對水資源的需求殷切等，皆為我們帶來挑戰。為了讓香港就 迎接這些挑戰做好準備，我們持續開發一些不受氣候變化影響 的新水源，包括淡化海水和循環再用水（即再造水、重用中水 及回收雨水）。 我們將繼續按照「策略2019」的建議，採取雙管齊下方式，為 未來建立多元化的水資源組合。食水資源將約佔香港總用水量 75%，而非飲用的次階水將佔其餘用水量25%。 Outlook of Future Water Resources To better prepare Hong Kong for the challenges of climate change, the increasing demand for fresh water due to its continuous population and economic growth, as well as the competition for water resources in the Greater Bay Area, we have been developing new water sources that are not susceptible to climate change, including desalinated water and recycled water (viz reclaimed water, treated grey water and harvested rainwater). Following the recommended two-pronged approach under the Strategy 2019, we seek to build a diversified portfolio of water resources in future. Fresh water resources will account for about 75% of the total water consumption in Hong Kong while the lower grade water for non-potable uses will account for the remaining 25% consumption. 食水資源 Fresh water resources for potable use 75% 淡化海水 Desalinated water 東江水 Dongjiang water 本地集水 Local yield 根據「策略2019」預計的香港水資源組合 Estimated Composition of Hong Kong's Water Sources under Strategy 2019 次階水作非飲用用途 Lower grade water for non-potable use 香港總用水量 Total water consumption 5% 15-35% 60-80% 循環再用水 Recycle Water 海水 Salt Water 25% 現新 Innovate 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 23
控制食水需求增長 根據「策略2019」，控制食水需求增長在水資源需求管理中是非 常重要的一環。為配合本港的可持續發展，政府於二零一七年 及二零一八年的《施政綱領》中承諾，最早於二零三零年達致 人均食水用量減少10%的目標（以二零一六年為基準年）。 CONTAINING FRESH WATER DEMAND GROWTH Following the Strategy Review in 2019, containing the growth of fresh water demand plays a pivotal role in water demand management. In line with the territory’s sustainable development, the Government targets to reduce the average fresh water per capita consumption by 10% by 2030 at the earliest, using 2016 as the base year, as pledged in the Chief Executive’s Policy Agenda in 2017 and 2018. 節約用水 推廣負責任和精明用水，有助保障長遠供水。其成功的關鍵在 於業界和社會大眾的共同努力和貢獻。有見及此，我們與相關 持份者緊密合作，推出多項用水效益措施、宣傳活動、學校教 育計劃，以及用水效益最佳實務指引，致力推動文化和行為的 改變，共同應對水資源的挑戰。 Water Conservation Promoting responsible and smart use of water helps secure our water supply for the long term. The success of such lies in the collaborative efforts and contributions from both industries and the wider community. With this in mind, we are working closely with relevant stakeholders and have launched various water-efficiency measures, promotional campaigns, school education programmes, as well as best practice guidelines aiming to inspire cultural and behaviour changes to address our water challenges together. 為了達致早於二零三零年人均食水用量減少10%的目標（以二零一六年為基準年），我們正推行三項 主要用水需求管理措施，包括節約用水、管理政府和私人水管的用水流失，以及擴大使用海水和循環 再用水等次階水作非飲用用途。 To reduce the per capita fresh water consumption by 10% by 2030 (using 2016 as base year), we are taking forward three major water demand management initiatives, namely water conservation, water loss management in both government and private water mains, and expanded use of lower grade water, including seawater and recycled water, for non-potable uses. 現新 Innovate 水務署 二零二一至二二年年報 WSD Annual Report 2021/22 24
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTQyNzE=